Acne vulgaris (commonly known as acne) is considered the eighth most prevalent disease worldwide, affecting 9.4% of the global population, according to the Global Burden of Disease Study. Acne is a skin condition that occurs when sebum, dead skin cells, or bacteria block hair follicles, manifesting as pimples commonly found on the face, chest, or back. The condition is mainly prevalent among teenagers, but anyone can develop it, including young children and babies, with a strong link to familial history. In adolescents, acne can fade over time as their hormones stabilize. However, it is least likely for the condition to go away on its own when an individual reaches adulthood. There are many different factors that contribute to the development of acne which varies from person to person.
Isotretinoin, popularly known by its brand name Accutane, has been a groundbreaking treatment for severe acne. Since the FDA approved the medication in 1982, it has provided relief to many patients whose acne was unresponsive to conventional treatments. According to the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology, four to five months of Accutane treatment usually results in the clearing of acne. Accutane is a naturally occurring vitamin A derivative and a potent drug. It treats acne by shrinking the sebaceous glands, reducing oil production, and preventing clogged pores, ultimately decreasing bacterial growth and inflammation. The results from using the medication are promising, but it has been controversial due to its side effects.
The common physical side effects of taking Accutane include dry skin, chapped lips, nosebleeds, and increased sensitivity to sunlight. There are also serious side effects to consider when contemplating the use of this drug. Reports have indicated the development of gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis. However, recent studies from the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology have not established a causal relationship between Accutane and these conditions, citing a lack of meaningful risk for GI-related diseases like IBD.
One of the most concerning side effects of the drug is the reported psychiatric issues, including depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts. In the UK, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency created a platform for the public to submit Yellow Card reports for suspected drug side effects. Currently, there are 88 recorded cases in which isotretinoin is suspected to have been a factor in young people who committed suicide, though many believe the actual numbers are higher. The data also show a higher prevalence of psychiatric complications in boys than in girls, with an average age of 15 years old. Nonetheless, more research is needed to address the causal relationship between the drug and its psychiatric effects, as current studies show conflicting results. Additionally, the drug has been reported to cause teratogenic effects and sexual dysfunction.
Due to the significant risks associated with Accutane treatment, adhering to the strict guidelines set forth by medical professionals is crucial for ensuring effective and safe therapy. Patient education and compliance are essential components of this process, involving regular doctor visits and consistent monitoring. Accutane is a life-changing, powerful treatment for combating severe acne, offering hope for a better quality of life to many who struggle with the condition. Prior research and consultation with a qualified medical professional are necessary for anyone considering Accutane.
Roselle Torres
Image by Alexander Grey and Martin Büdenbender from Pixabay (in order of appearance)
If you found the article interesting, I also recommend this:
